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Objective:To develop a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among physical examination population, and to verify its reliability and validity.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice, the first draft of the questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population was designed by means of retrospective literature research, qualitative interview, discussion in the research group. The structure and items of the questionnaire were consulted and revised by the expert consultation method (Delphi method). Through pre investigation of 186 physical examination personnel from May to June in 2021, the final version of the "knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on Helicobacter pylori infection among physical examination population" was formed after adjustment and verification of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:The questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population included 3 dimensions and 28 items, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 56.271%. The content validity index of each item level of the questionnaire was 0.75-1.00, and the content validity index of the total questionnaire was 0.94. The Cronbach alpha of knowledge, attitude and practice dimensions in this questionnaire were 0.862, 0.901 and 0.798 respectively. The overall Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.890, and the half reliability was 0.698. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.919, and the test-retest reliability of each dimension was 0.924, 0.917 and 0.845.Conclusions:The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used to measure the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population.
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Objective@#To investigate the development of osteoporosis (OS) and its influencing factors among physical examination populations aged over 35 years in urban areas of Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into OP prevention.@*Methods@#Subjects aged over 35 years that underwent physical examinations in Wenhui Street Community Health Service Center of Gongshu District, Hanghzhou City during the period between April and July, 2022 were enrolled. Subjects' demographic characteristics and physical examination data were collected, and the bone mineral density and serum vitamin D levels were measured. The factors affecting the development of OP were identified using a logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 1 561 subjects were recruited, including 616 males (39.46%) with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (18) years, and 945 females (60.54%) with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (19) years. The prevalence of OP was 43.69% among the study subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified women (OR=1.367, 95%CI: 1.105-2.979) and increased age (OR=1.057, 95%CI: 1.044-1.069) as risk factors for OP and elevated serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels as a protective factor for OP (OR=0.969, 95%CI: 0.954-0.985).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of OP was 43.69% among physical examination populations aged over 35 years in urban areas of Hangzhou City, and gender, age and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were factors affecting the development of OP.
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Objective@#To investigate the serum uric acid levels among residents living in Balikun County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2021, so as to provide insights into local hyperuricemia control.@*Methods@#The residents at ages of 20 to 69 years undergoing physical examinations in Balikun County Hospital during the period from 2018 to 2021 were enrolled. Their age, gender, and history of medication and disease were collected, and serum uric acid levels were measured. The gender- and age-specific prevalence of hyperuricemia and hypouricemia was descriptively analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 3 097 subjects were enrolled, which included 1 210 males ( 39.07% ) and 1 887 females ( 60.93% ) and had a mean age of ( 46.12±12.84 ) years. The overall mean serum uric acid was ( 260.41±71.99 ) μmol/L, and the mean serum uric acid was ( 298.22±69.57 ) μmol/L in men and ( 236.17±62.44 ) μmol/L in women. The serum uric acid level appeared a tendency towards a rise with ages both in whole study subjects and in women ( P<0.05 ). The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 4.26%, with 4.63% prevalence in men and 4.03% in women. The prevalence of hyperuricemia appeared a tendency towards a rise with ages both in whole study subjects and in women ( P<0.05 ). The overall prevalence of hypouricemia was 0.71%, with 0.25% prevalence in men and 1.01% in women; the prevalence of moderate hypouricemia was 11.11%, with 2.56% prevalence in men and 16.59% in women.@*Conclusions@#Low level of serum uric acid and prevalence of hyperuricemia is detected among residents living in Balikun County. Monitoring of serum uric acid is recommended to be intensified among men.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among physical examination populations at ages of 35 to 75 years in Karamay City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the management of chronic disease control.@*Methods@#Residents receiving physical examinations at ages of 35 to 75 years were sampled from 9 communities in Karamay City using the cluster random sampling method. Demographic features and health-related behaviors were collected using questionnaires, and the height, weight, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were measured. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was descriptively analyzed, and their risk factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@# A total of 32 556 subjects were sampled, including 12 354 males ( 37.95% ) and 20 202 females ( 62.05% ), with a mean age of ( 56.63±12.78 ) years. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 31.72%, 12.18% and 28.69%, and the common comorbidity was dyslipidemia with hypertension ( 2 483 cases, 7.63% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men ( OR=1.362, 1.823 and 1.130 ), ages of ≥40 years ( OR=3.327-14.019, 2.870-15.337 and 1.530-2.092 ), a family history of chronic diseases ( OR=1.147, 1.249 and 1.200 ), smoking ( OR=1.111, 1.464 and 1.248 ), meat-based diet ( OR=2.081, 2.266 and 1.110 ), vegetable-based diet ( OR=0.479, 0.353 and 0.634 ), underweight ( OR=0.504, 0.298 and 0.546 ), overweight ( OR=1.872, 1.565 and 1.289 ) and obesity ( OR=2.840, 2.177 and 1.230 ) as common influencing factors for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of hypertension is high among physical examination populations at ages of 35 to 75 years in Karamay City. Gender, age, a family history of chronic diseases, smoking, diet habits and body mass index are common factors affecting hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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Objective@# To investigate sodium and potassium intakes among individuals undergoing physical examinations in Changsha City, so as provide the evidence for developing nutritional interventions. @*Methods@#The individuals undergoing physical examinations in the Center for Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 2017 to March 2020 were selected, and their gender, age, history of diseases, history of medications, smoking and drinking behaviors were collected through questionnaire surveys. The blood pressure, height and body weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum creatinine were detected, and the 24-h urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were measured using the Kawasaki method to estimate sodium and potassium intakes. According to the recommended intakes for preventing chronic diseases (PI values) in the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (2013 revised version), the gender-, age- and BMI-specific intakes of sodium and potassium were analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 50 543 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of (45.64±11.89) years. There were 28 555 men (56.50%) and 21 988 women (43.50%), and there were 19 405 overweight individuals (38.39%), 6 276 obese individuals (12.42%), 13 410 smokers (26.53%), 14 740 drinkers (29.16%), 9 217 individuals with hypertension (18.24%), 3 589 individuals with diabetes (7.10%), 18 232 individuals with dyslipidemia (36.07%). The mean sodium intake was (4 143.29±1 216.46) mg/d among the study subjects, and there were 49 277 participants with sodium intakes that exceeded the PI value (97.50%). Higher sodium intakes were found in men [ (4 345.52±1 231.45) mg/d ], individuals at ages of 36 to 45 years [ (4 185.41±1 202.95) mg/d ], obese individuals [ (4 578.94±1 282.66) mg/d ], smokers [ (4 191.71±1 219.91) mg/d ], drinkers [ (4 325.12±1 245.65) mg/d ], individuals with hypertension [ (4 358.89±1 265.70) mg/d ] and individuals with dyslipidemia [ (4 261.60±1 228.86) mg/d ]. The mean potassium intake was (1 986.26±526.42) mg/d among the study subjects, and there were 50 440 participants with potassium intakes that exceeded the PI value (99.80%). Higher potassium intakes were seen in men [ (2 061.94±556.91) mg/d ], individuals at ages of 35 years and below [ (2 027.24±533.37) mg/d ], obese individuals [ (2 133.27±580.25) mg/d ], smokers [ (2 023.08±557.72) mg/d ], drinkers [ (2 048.43±557.53) mg/d ], individuals without hypertension [ (1 994.65±552.63) mg/d ] and individuals with dyslipidemia [ (2 038.22±546.52) mg/d ].@*Conclusions@#Higher sodium intakes and lower potassium intakes than the PI values are found among individuals undergoing health examinations in Changsha City. Health education is recommended to be reinforced to improve sodium and potassium intakes.
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Objective To investigate status of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Nantong Area and its related factors. Methods A cluster of 1 680 people who underwent a physical examination at a hospital in the Nantong area from June 2020 to February 2021 were selected as the subjects of this survey. All subjects were tested for Hp infection through the 14C-urea breath test and the Hp infection status analyzed. At the same time, the self-filled and interrogative questionnaires made by our hospital were used to collect general data of the research subjects, and then single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting Hp infection in the physical examination population in Nantong area. Results Among the 1 680 medical examiners investigated in this study, 980 were positive for Hp infection, and the overall positive rate of infection was 58.33%. The results of univariate analysis found that Hp infection was related to the age, drinking, hotness, frequent eating of pickled food, family history of gastric cancer, and chronic gastritis in the physical examination population in Nantong area (P60 years old (OR=3.46, 95%CI: 1.35-8.84), drinking (OR=5.22, 95%CI: 2.79-9.77), addiction to spicy food (OR=5.47, 95%CI: 2.45-9.30), regular consumption of pickled foods (OR=5.28, 95%CI: 3.48-7.92), family history of gastric cancer (OR=4.29, 95%CI: 2.86-76.45), chronic gastritis (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 2.79-9.22) were all related factors affecting Hp infection(P<0.05). Conclusion Positive rate of HP infection in physical examination population in Nantong area is high, and it is related to age, drinking alcohol, spicy food, eating pickled food frequently, family history of gastric cancer, chronic gastritis and other factors. To strengthen the publicity and education of HP infection, establish good eating habits and reduce the risk factors to prevent HP infection in physical examination population in Nantong area.
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Objective To investigate the level of measles antibody in physical examination population in Jinshan District, and provide evidence for measles immunization prevention and control in different populations. Methods The sera of physical examination population aged 15 years and older in Jinshan was collected.The titer of IgG antibody against measles was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Statistical methods were used to compare and analyze the data. Results The overall positive rate of measles antibody in physical examination population aged 15 and older in Jinshan was 70.74%, and the antibody protection rate was 17.56%.There was no significant difference in the distribution of measles antibody between different genders, or local population and migrant population (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of measles antibodies between different age groups (P>0.05), but the protection rate was statistically significant(χ2=44.53, P < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of antibody levels between residents and migrants in all age groups.The rate of measles antibody protection in the 15-24 age group was the lowest, only 9.60%, and the antibody protection rate increased with age.The rate of measles antibody protection in the 65-95 age group was the highest, 25.62%. Conclusion The immunization level of measles antibody in physical examination population in Jinshan District is at a low level, and there is a potential risk of measles outbreak.In particular, it is imperative to focus on strengthening the measles immunization work in 15-24 age population.It is recommended to promote adult measles immunization program.
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Objective To study the results of screening for colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions in an asymptomatic population. Methods After excluding menstruating women and patients with acute infectious diarrhea, black stools, purulent and bloody stools, anal fissures, or hemorrhoidal bleeding, 10290 subjects were enrolled for health checkups between July 2015 and July 2017 at the Fourth Hospital of Jilin University. A two-step method using a questionnaire and an immunochemical fecal occult blood test for primary screening and electronic colonoscopy for diagnostic screening was employed. When a lesion was located during electronic colonoscopy, a biopsy was performed for pathology. The detection rates for colorectal cancer, adenomas, inflammatory bowel disease, and polyps were analyzed according to age and sex. Prevalence was assessed using the χ2 test, and statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results Primary screening was positive in 523 cases (5.1％, 448 males and 75 females). There were significant differences in detection rates by sex (χ2=4.540, P=0.033). Of 523 positive cases, 154 (29.4％, 133 males and 21 females) underwent enteroscopy. There were significant differences in colonoscopy rates by age group (χ2=10.734, P=0.001). The total detection rate with colonoscopy was 61.7％(95/154), with a colorectal cancer detection rate of 3.9％(6/154) and an adenoma detection rate of 35.7％(55/154). The adenoma detection rate in males [39.8％(53/133)] was higher than in females [9.5％(2/21)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.265, P=0.007). There were significant differences in the adenoma detection rates (χ2=5.879, P=0.015), polyp detection rate (χ2=6.669, P=0.010), and total lesion detection rate (χ2=21.735, P<0.001) among all age groups. Conclusion Colorectal cancer screening for asymptomatic individuals can be performed at different curable disease stages. This approach can reduce the delay in treatment upon disease progression, as well as improve survival rate.
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Objective@#To explore the positive rate of intrinsic factor antibody (IFAb) and level of vitamin B12 (VitB12) in normal physical examination population and the possible relation between IFAb, VitB12 and sex, age, number of RBC, HGB and MCV.@*Methods@#A total of 1 427 people who came to Peking Union Medical Colleague Hospital (PUMCH) for physical examination were enrolled. There were 758 males with average age of (52.5±14.5) years-old and 669 females with average age of (50.3±14.3) year-old. Beckman DxI800 automatic biochemical-immune analyzer and corollary reagents were used to analyze the level of serum IFAb and VitB12. The results in different sex, age were documented and their correlation with the value of whole blood cell count was tested later on.@*Results@#Among the 1 427 normal subjects, 66 (4.63%) were positive for IFAb. The positive rate for IFAb in the population≥40 years-old was higher than those<40 years-old (5.66% vs 1.48%, χ2=7.46, P=0.006). The deficiency rate of VitB12 in the population<40 years-old, 40-59 years-old and ≥60 years-old was 2.22%, 2.51% and 5.50%, respectively (χ2=8.55, P=0.014). There were no difference between people with different sex in the positive rate of IFAb (5.15% for males and 4.04% for females, χ2=0.99, P=0.320) or in the deficiency rate of VitB12 (3.83% for males and 2.69% for females, χ2=1.44, P=0.230). The results of multiple linear regression showed that HGB level of IFAb positive subjects was 3.05 g/L lower on average than those of IFAb negative, but IFAb had no effect on both RBC and MCV. There was no correlation between VitB12 deficiency and HGB, RBC and MCV.@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of IFAb and deficiency rate of VitB12 increase as age increases. But the presence of VitB12 deficiency is later than the positive findings of IFAb. IFAb showed some effects on the level of HGB, which may compensate the limitations of VitB12 detection to some extent. It is necessary to check the IFAb and level of VitB12 in people with middle or old ages.
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Objective To explore the mutual relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level with metabolic syndrome (MD) and its factors among the physical examination population.Methods A total of 8 285 people undergoing the physical check-up in a hospital in 2013 were selected by sampling and conducted the physical measurement and biochemical detection;the subjects were grouped according to the MS diagnostic standard,gender and SUA.Then the correlation between SUA and MS was analyzed.Results The age,BMI,SBP,DBP,FPG,TG and SUA in the MS patients were significantly higher than those in the patients without MS,while the HDL-C level was significantly lower.The occurrence rate of MS in males was higher than females.With the increase of MS factors,the SUA level showed the overall rising trend;the multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,DBP and TG were positively correlated with SUA,and the HDL-C level was negatively correlated with the SUA level.The regression equation was Y =-2.135 + 0.066X1 +0.010X2 +0.155X3-0.379X4;the MS detection rate in the HUA group was higher than that in the non-HUA group;in the single factor Logistic regression analysis,the SUA level was significantly related with the MS occurrence (OR=1.007,95％CI 0.006-1.007,P＜0.05),in the SUA diagnostic value for M,AUC in male and female were 0.608 (95 ％CI 0.582-0.634,P＜0.01) and 0.744 (95 ％CI 0.705-0.783,P＜0.01) respectively,the MS best critical diagnostic points in male and female were 360.5 and 256.5,the corresponding diagnostic sensitivities in male and female were 46.49％ and 71.94％,the specificities in male and female were 69.94％ and 69.94％ respectively.Conclusion The SUA level is closely associated with MS,and SUA level has a good predictive effect for MS.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a population of routine check-up,and analyze the correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risk factors.Methods Physical examination data of 2 064 routine check-up (aged 45 or more) in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2014 to December 2015 were randomly selected.HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids and other indicators were measured to calculate the prevalence of NAFLD,and to analyze the correlation between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors.Results Among 2 064 cases underwent physical examination,the overall prevalence of NAFLD was 16.09％ (332/2 064).The male prevalence rate of NAFLD was significantly higher than that in female (18.51％ vs.12.87％;x2 =11.913,P =0.001).In four age groups (＜ 50 years old,50 to 59 years old,60 to 69 years old,≥ 70 years old),the NAFLD prevalence rate was 16.26％,15.63％,16.97％ and 14.72％ respectively.No statistical significance (x2 =0.900,P =0.826) was found in NAFLD prevalence rate difference in all age groups of has.In 50 ～ 59 years old and ≥70 years old group,the NAFLD prevalence rates in male were higher than that in female,the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure (DBP),HbA1c,fasting blood glucose,TC,TG,LDL-C,uric acid levels in NAFLD patients were higher than the normal population.HDL-C levels in patients with NAFLD is lower than that of the normal,and the difference is statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,hypertension,diabetes,and high TG were the independent risk factors of NAFLD;HDL-C and NAFLD were the protective factors.Conclusions In the Chengdu area of Sichuan Province,the prevalence rate of NAFLD was high,the incidence rate of NAFLD in male was higher than that in female.BMI,hypertension,diabetes mellitus and high TG were the independent risk factors of NAFLD,and HDL-C was the protective factor.
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Objective To investigate retrospective analysis on serological detection of hepatitis viruses in physical examination population.Methods Hepatitis A virus (HAV)IgM,HBsAg,HCV IgG,HDV IgM,HEV IgM and HEV IgG were detected by ELISA assay in physical examination population during 2009~2014.Results The positive rate of HAV IgM was 0.15%(2/1 315)in 1 315 physical examinees and that of HBsAg was 2.83% (3 360/109 965)in 109 965 ones during 2009~2014. The positive rates of HBsAg decreased trend in the last 6 years in general (χ2 =63.070,P =0.001).There was no signifi-cant difference for HBsAg positive rate among male physical examinees in last six years (χ2 =4.804,P =0.441),but the positive rate of HBsAg in female population decreased trend in the last 6 years in general (χ2 =18.046,P =0.003),moreo-ver the positive rate of HBsAg in male popolation was significantly higher than that in female ones (χ2 =126.9,P =0.000). The positive rate of HCV IgG was 0.79% (333/41 898)in 41 898 physical examinees during 2009~2014 and that decreased trend in last 6 years (χ2 = 18.380,P =0.003).There was no HDV IgM detected in 1 079 physical examinees serum.The positive rate of HEV IgM and IgG were 0.25% (3/1 195)and 3.93% (47/1 195)respectively in 1 195 physical examinees. Conculsion The physical examination population during 2009~2014 were mainly infected by HBV and HCV and the infec-tion rate decreased trendly in last 6 years,which provided important data for epidemiology of serological hepatitis viruses in Shaanxi provice.
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Objective The aim was to find the correlations between blood glucose (GLU)and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP),high sensitive C reactive protein (HCRP),plasma lipid profiles among physical examination population.Methods The parameters including GLU,HCRP,and plasma lipid profiles were examined by using Olympus AU5400 automatic biochemical analyzer from 9 057 blood samples,and then AIP value was calculated.The t test,Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression were used.Results The levels of AIP and HCRP were significantly higher in high glucose group both in males and females (P <0.01).Positive lower correlations were found between GLU and AIP,apolipoprotein B (apoB),HCRP,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),uric acid (URIC)and apoB/aopA1,while the correlation with AIP was highest (r =0.163,P <0.01 ).There were negative correlations between GLU and apoA1,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C).Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender,age,HCRP and AIP were relative factors associated with hyperglycemia. Conclusion There are some differences in the levels of AIP and HCRP between the high glucose people and general people.
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Objective To study the role of using PSA in prostate cancer screening in the male physical examination population over 50yrs in Beijing.Methods From January 2010 to December 2010,in Physical Examination Center of Beijing Hospital and Beijing MeiZhao Health Screening Center,men over 50years with PSA records in the past three years (from 2007 to 2009) were selected.The exclusion criteria included history of prostate cancer,severe diseases of the heart,brain,lung,liver and kidney,and mental or neurological disorders.People who couldn't cooperate with the investigation due to any reasons were excluded as well.The number of recruited cases was 2862.Among the cases,males with PSA over 4 μμg/L received prostate biopsy after singing the informed consent form.The average age was 67.2 ± 9.3 years.Results In the 2862 males,2621 cases (91.5％) had normal PSA levels and 241 cases (8.5％) had abnormal PSA levels.With the age increasing from 50 to 89 years,the proportion of abnormal PSA levels increased significantly from 2.7％ to 10.9％,P ＜ O.001.86 patients (33.2％) received prostate biopsy in the group of abnormal PSA levels; The positive prostate biopsy rate was 41.4％ (39/86).In PSA ＜4 μg/Lgroup,the positive rate was 25.0％ ; in 4 μg/L≤PSA ＜ 10 μg/L group,the positive rate was 29.8％ ; in PSA ≥ 10 μg/L group,the positive rate was 68.9％,P ＜ 0.001.With the PSA level increasing,the proportion of the localized cancer decreased from 100％ to 70％,and the ratio of locally advanced and distant metastatic tumor increased from 0 to 30％ ; the proportion of Gleason≤6 fell from 100％ to 30％,the proportion of Gleason ≥ 8 increased from 0 to 50％.The differences above did not show statistical significance.Conclusions Use of PSA in prostate cancer screening for men over 50 years could increase the detection rate of prostate cancer.